Anthony Braxton

Multi-instrumentalist Anthony Braxton is among the most influential and prolific musicians and theorists to emerge from the 20th century. His hundreds of albums offer everything from experimental compositional techniques, graphic and non-specific notation, serialism, electronic, and improvisation, while employing vast knowledge of the jazz tradition from bebop to vanguard to post-bop. Braxton's recording career began with Three Compositions of New Jazz in 1969 and the iconic, solo For Alto in 1971. Arista, SteepleChase, and other labels issued '70s-era recordings including both In the Tradition volumes (1974), Creative Orchestra Music 1976, and Alto Saxophone Improvisations 1979. The '80s and '90s saw acclaimed releases including Six Compositions (Quartet) 1984, and Eight (+3) Tristano Compositions, 1989: For Warne Marsh, and Octet (New York) 1995. In the 21st century, release highlights included Six Compositions (GTM) 2001, Trio (New Haven) 2013, the five-act opera Trillium J in 2016, and the archival Four Compositions (Wesleyan) 2013 in 2023. Born in Chicago in 1945, Braxton began playing music as a teenager, developing an early interest in both jazz and classical. He attended the Chicago School of Music from 1959 to 1963, then Roosevelt University, where he studied philosophy and composition. During this time, he became acquainted with many of his future collaborators, including saxophonists Joseph Jarman and Roscoe Mitchell. Braxton entered the service and played saxophone in an Army band; for a time he was stationed in Korea. Upon his discharge in 1966, he returned to Chicago where he joined the nascent Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM). The next year, he formed an influential free jazz trio, the Creative Construction Company, with violinist Leroy Jenkins and trumpeter Leo Smith. In 1968, he made his debut as a leader with Three Compositions of New Jazz, which featured fellow AACM members Jenkins, Smith, and Muhal Richard Abrams. He returned a year later with For Alto, the first-ever recording for solo saxophone. Braxton lived in Paris for a short while beginning in 1969, where he played with a rhythm section comprising bassist Dave Holland, pianist Chick Corea, and drummer Barry Altschul. Called Circle, the group stayed together for about a year before disbanding (Holland and Altschul would continue to play in Braxton-led groups for the next several years). Braxton moved to New York in the '70s, a decade that saw his creative star rise. He recorded a number of ambitious albums for ECM and for major-label Arista, including New York, Fall 1974 and Creative Orchestra Music 1976. He also maintained a quartet with Holland and Altschul -- even appearing on Holland's landmark debut album, Conference of the Birds. Also during this period, he performed with a bevy of artists including the Italian free improvisation group Musica Elettronica Viva, guitarist Derek Bailey, and in a duet setting with drummer Max Roach (Birth & Rebirth). In 1978, he welcomed the birth of son Tyondai Braxton, who became a composer, musician, and founder of the indie rock outfit Battles. The '80s saw Braxton continue to record and issue albums on independent labels at a dizzying pace. He also moved easily between ambitious large-ensemble albums like 1981's Composition No. 96 and more intimate trio albums like 1987's ...If My Memory Serves Me Right with pianist David Rosenboom and bassist Mark Dresser. Braxton's steadiest vehicle in the '80s -- and what is often considered his best group -- was his quartet featuring pianist Marilyn Crispell, drummer Gerry Hemingway, and bassist Dresser, with whom he recorded such albums as Six Compositions (Quartet) 1984 and Quartet (London) 1985. From the mid-'80s on, he taught regularly, first at Mills College in California, and then at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. In 1994 he received a large grant from the MacArthur Foundation that allowed him to finance some large-scale projects he'd long envisioned, including an opera. He also founded his own Braxton House label, releasing such albums as Sextet (Istanbul) 1996 and Trillium R: Composition 162 - An Opera in Four Acts/Shala Fears for the Poor. Braxton taught at Wesleyan throughout the 2000s, during which time he continued to perform and record, delivering a mix of large and small group projects like Quartet 2006: Ghost Trance Music and Creative Orchestra: Bolzano 2007. He also revived his long dormant nonprofit Tri-Centric Foundation to promote his work and support up-and-coming creative artists. In 2013 he was bestowed the Doris Duke Performing Artist Award for lifetime achievement in jazz. That same year, Braxton retired from the faculty of Wesleyan. Since then, he has remained a vital presence both live and in the studio, with albums like the expansive box set Quintet (Tristano) 2014 and Solo (Victoriaville) 2017. Two years later, he released Quartet (New Haven) 2014, a four-disc box that brought him into dialogue with 21st century rock. In addition to longtime bassist Taylor Ho Bynum, the set also included contributions from an ensemble that featured Wilco guitarist and avant-jazz explorer Nels Cline as well as idiosyncratic drummer Greg Saunier, co-founder of Deerhoof. As Braxton expanded his repertoire of ideas, he seemingly indulged every new concept with greater enthusiasm and creative emphasis. In 2020, Ghost Trance Solos, a duo set with guitarist Kobe Van Cauwenberghe, channeled the influence of Native American ghost dances and songs. The year also saw the archival Duo Improv (2017) with Eugene Chadbourne released. The following year, New Braxton House released the 13-disc, 67-track box set Standards Quartet (2020). 2024 saw release of the crowdfunded box set 10 Comp (Lorraine) 2022, which showcased his "Lorraine Music" system. It paired six live trio recordings with trumpeter Susana Santos Silva, and accordionist/vocalist Adam Matlock, with four studio recordings of a quartet with saxophonist James Fei, and bassists Zach Rowden and Carl Testa. Braxton's Lorraine Music system incorporates graphic notation, traditional notation, and his interactive Diamond Curtain Wall Music system.
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